Nobody Knows

Nobody knows how Greek Fire was made. Nobody quite knows the recipe for Roman concrete, or the process for Damascus steel; nobody knows the smell of silphium. There are countless examples of past knowledge lost to time. It might be reassuring to think that knowledge builds on knowledge – that […]

Punctuated Equilibrium

Punctuated Equilibrium is the theory, proposed and popularized by Stephen Jay Gould, that evolutionary change isn’t gradual, but instead has long periods of stability interspersed with rapid change. It is not the only theory to describe evolutionary change, but it is a persuasive one, and one that rings true when […]

Switch

Creative work isn’t more fun or easier than less creative work. Indeed, our busy, conscious brains seem to do everything in their power to keep us from taking the risks that let us be creative. There is, though, a powerful switch that lets us sidestep consciousness. It’s the switch of […]

Yahtzee!

In the first few turns of Yahtzee, your scorecard is wide open. You can take huge risks, knowing you’ll be able to score something, even if it isn’t ideal. And your risks can pay off with lucky rolls and higher scores. In the last few turns of Yahtzee, you’re most […]

Morituri

Morituri Te Salutemus. That is the expression that slaves were required to shout to the Roman Imperial ruler when they entered the arena for gladiatorial death matches. We, who are about to die, salute you. When I was young, what struck me was the intimate knowledge of mortality – the […]